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	<title>subtraction Archives - Shelley Gray</title>
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	<title>subtraction Archives - Shelley Gray</title>
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		<title>Constant Difference: A Key Mental Math Subtraction Strategy For Quick Calculations</title>
		<link>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/constant-difference-mental-math-subtraction-strategy/</link>
					<comments>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/constant-difference-mental-math-subtraction-strategy/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shelley Gray]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2026 16:18:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Basic Operations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Math]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mental math]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mental math strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subtraction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subtraction strategies]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://shelleygrayteaching.com/?p=14297</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Mental Math is important. The ability to calculate in your head is what allows you to know when you get the wrong change back at the coffee shop, estimate the number of nails you need for a building project, or know which grocery item is the better deal. There are many wonderful mental math strategies [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/constant-difference-mental-math-subtraction-strategy/">Constant Difference: A Key Mental Math Subtraction Strategy For Quick Calculations</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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									Mental Math is important. The ability to calculate in your head is what allows you to know when you get the wrong change back at the coffee shop, estimate the number of nails you need for a building project, or know which grocery item is the better deal. There are many wonderful mental math strategies that are useful in real life and help build our intuition with number, but constant difference has to be one of my favorites.

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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is Constant Difference?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>When we use constant difference, we add or subtract the same amount to/from both numbers in a subtraction expression. When we do this, the difference remains constant. For example, 9-5=4. But if we add one to both the 9 and 5, we now have 10-6. The difference is still 4. </p><p>Or we could add 10 to the minuend and subtrahend, to make 19-15, The difference is still 4. </p>								</div>
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															<img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference1-1024x1024.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-14298" alt="" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference1-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference1-300x300.png 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference1-150x150.png 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference1-768x768.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference1-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference1-600x600.png 600w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference1-100x100.png 100w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference1.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />															</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference2-1024x1024.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-14299" alt="" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference2-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference2-300x300.png 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference2-150x150.png 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference2-768x768.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference2-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference2-600x600.png 600w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference2-100x100.png 100w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference2.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why Is Constant Difference Useful?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Imagine being able to solve an expression like 172-98 mentally in just a few seconds! We can easily do this using constant difference. For this example, let&#8217;s add 2 to both. Now we have 174-100. We can solve this simply in our heads!</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference3-1024x1024.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-14300" alt="" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference3-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference3-300x300.png 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference3-150x150.png 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference3-768x768.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference3-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference3-600x600.png 600w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference3-100x100.png 100w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference3.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />															</div>
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									<p>How would you solve this one using constant difference: 386-194?</p><p>I solved it by adding 6 to each, to make 392-200.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference4-1024x1024.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-14301" alt="" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference4-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference4-300x300.png 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference4-150x150.png 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference4-768x768.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference4-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference4-600x600.png 600w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference4-100x100.png 100w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference4.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Building Conceptual Understanding of Constant Difference: How To Teach This Strategy</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Conceptual understanding of this strategy is essential. We want our students to be able to connect the conceptual understanding to their procedural understanding to ensure that this strategy is not simply a memorized series of steps, but rather an understanding. Here are some of my favorite ways to model this strategy.</p><p> Number lines are an excellent way to show this. In this example, the orange number rod represents the difference, which is 10. That 10 (the difference) is going to stay constant, no matter where we place it on the number line. The picture below shows how we can slide that difference up and down the number line. So 22-12 has the same difference as 23-13, or 24-14, or even 31-21. We can connect this concrete idea to equations, which are more abstract, to help our students develop the understanding behind this strategy.</p>								</div>
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									<p>Another way to think of this is with ages. If we have two people, ages 35 and 12, what is the difference in their ages? It&#8217;s 23 years. Next year, on this exact day, they will be 36 and 13. What is the difference in their ages? Still 23 years! There will always be a 23 year difference between them on this day each year.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference6-1024x1024.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-14303" alt="" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference6-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference6-300x300.png 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference6-150x150.png 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference6-768x768.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference6-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference6-600x600.png 600w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference6-100x100.png 100w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference6.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />															</div>
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									<p>Another way to model this is through the heights of real people. Try standing two students beside one another and discussing what the difference in their heights is. If they both grow 2 cm, does the difference in their heights change or stay the same? It stays the same! What if only one person grows? The difference in their heights changes. So as long as they both grow the exact same amount the difference in their heights will stay constant.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9f73287 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="9f73287" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference7-1024x1024.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-14304" alt="" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference7-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference7-300x300.png 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference7-150x150.png 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference7-768x768.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference7-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference7-600x600.png 600w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference7-100x100.png 100w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference7.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />															</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e6c780 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="6e6c780" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
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									<p>One last way to model this is with a concrete manipulative like unifix cubes. Make two towers and ask students what the difference in heights is. Add one block to each tower. Now what&#8217;s the difference? Take two blocks away from each tower &#8211; does the difference stay the same? What if we add a block to only one tower? How does that affect the difference? </p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference9-1024x1024.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-14306" alt="" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference9-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference9-300x300.png 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference9-150x150.png 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference9-768x768.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference9-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference9-600x600.png 600w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference9-100x100.png 100w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference9.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference8-1024x1024.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-14305" alt="" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference8-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference8-300x300.png 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference8-150x150.png 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference8-768x768.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference8-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference8-600x600.png 600w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference8-100x100.png 100w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference8.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference10-1024x1024.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-14307" alt="" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference10-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference10-300x300.png 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference10-150x150.png 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference10-768x768.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference10-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference10-600x600.png 600w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference10-100x100.png 100w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference10.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />															</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d35701 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="0d35701" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Considering Different Options</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f346a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="8f346a0" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
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									<p>As with any math strategy, flexibility is key. We don&#8217;t ever want our students to think there is only one way to think about this strategy. Let&#8217;s consider some different ways to use constant difference for this problem: 162-85. I&#8217;ve showed several different options. Which one is most effective for you?</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a11838d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a11838d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference12-1024x1024.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-14309" alt="" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference12-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference12-300x300.png 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference12-150x150.png 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference12-768x768.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference12-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference12-600x600.png 600w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference12-100x100.png 100w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference12.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />															</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b465ac1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b465ac1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Subtracting a Friendly Number vs Subtracting FROM a Friendly Number</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c48535 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="2c48535" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
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									<p>When working with this strategy flexibly, it&#8217;s important to consider whether it&#8217;s more effective to subtract a friendly number or to subtract FROM a friendly number. Which one gives you the least amount of chance for error? Personally, I prefer to make the subtrahend into the friendly number. To me, it&#8217;s easier to subtract a friendly number rather than to subtract from a friendly number. Many students will make the minuend friendly instinctively, but it&#8217;s important to have the conversation to bring students&#8217; attention to the fact that there are other ways to think about it that may be more effective.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ecfd926 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="ecfd926" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Shelley-Gray-1024x1024.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-14313" alt="" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Shelley-Gray-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Shelley-Gray-300x300.png 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Shelley-Gray-150x150.png 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Shelley-Gray-768x768.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Shelley-Gray-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Shelley-Gray-600x600.png 600w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Shelley-Gray-100x100.png 100w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Shelley-Gray.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />															</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c024028 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c024028" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Using Constant Difference to Reduce Chances of Errors</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa0ddb8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="fa0ddb8" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
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									<p>We can also use constant difference to reduce the chances of errors when regrouping across zeros (if your curriculum requires your students to learn the standard algorithm). In this example, instead of doing the calculations for 1000-346, we can subtract 1 from each to make 999-345. Now no regrouping is required and the chance of making an error is reduced.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b761295 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b761295" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference11-1024x1024.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-14308" alt="" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference11-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference11-300x300.png 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference11-150x150.png 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference11-768x768.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference11-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference11-600x600.png 600w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference11-100x100.png 100w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/constantdifference11.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />															</div>
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									<p>This is a great strategy to incorporate into your <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/do-you-need-help-with-number-talks-heres-the-quick-start-guide/">number talks routine</a>. Don&#8217;t have a number talks routine yet? <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/do-you-need-help-with-number-talks-heres-the-quick-start-guide/">Here&#8217;s how you can get started.</a></p><p>See this strategy on Instagram below:</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-40656b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="40656b0" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
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		<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/constant-difference-mental-math-subtraction-strategy/">Constant Difference: A Key Mental Math Subtraction Strategy For Quick Calculations</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
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		<title>Free Real-Life Math Project</title>
		<link>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/free-real-life-math-project/</link>
					<comments>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/free-real-life-math-project/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shelley Gray]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2020 13:59:49 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Math Projects and Escape Rooms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[addition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Math Projects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subtraction]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://shelleygrayteaching.com/?p=11088</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>&#160; Would you like to get started with real-life math projects in your classroom? I&#8217;d love to get you started with a free math project so you know exactly what to expect! Even if this particular math project doesn&#8217;t fit your classroom needs, it will give you a good idea of exactly what you can [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/free-real-life-math-project/">Free Real-Life Math Project</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-11116 size-full" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/freerlmathproj-header2.png" alt="free math project" width="750" height="422" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/freerlmathproj-header2.png 750w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/freerlmathproj-header2-300x169.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" /></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Would you like to get started with real-life math projects in your classroom? I&#8217;d love to get you started with a free math project so you know exactly what to expect! Even if this particular math project doesn&#8217;t fit your classroom needs, it will give you a good idea of exactly what you can expect to find in <a href="https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Shelley-Gray/Category/-MATH-PROJECTS-ESCAPE-ROOMS-361041" target="_blank" rel="noopener">my other projects for other topics and grade levels</a>.</p>
<p>This free math project is centered around a camping theme and is best suited to Grades 2 and 3. Students will work with addition and subtraction within 100 to complete camping-related tasks. Many teachers report that their students didn&#8217;t even realize they were doing math while working on this project!</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-11090" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-Math-Project-FB-AD-scaled.jpg" alt="free math project" width="600" height="400" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-Math-Project-FB-AD-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-Math-Project-FB-AD-300x200.jpg 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-Math-Project-FB-AD-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-Math-Project-FB-AD-768x512.jpg 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-Math-Project-FB-AD-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-Math-Project-FB-AD-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-Math-Project-FB-AD-800x533.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-11091" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-math-project-scaled.jpg" alt="free math project" width="600" height="400" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-math-project-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-math-project-300x200.jpg 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-math-project-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-math-project-768x512.jpg 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-math-project-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-math-project-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Free-math-project-800x533.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>There are two ways to get this math project:</p>
<ul>
<li>Purchase on TpT <a href="https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/The-Camping-Project-Real-Life-Math-Project-Addition-and-Subtraction-to-100-4321871" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://shelleygray.myflodesk.com/free-math-project"><strong>Or get it for free here!</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<h2></h2>
<h2>Here&#8217;s a quick summary of exactly what you&#8217;ll find inside The Camping Trip Math Project:</h2>
<h3><strong>TASK #1: CAMPING SUPPLIES</strong></h3>
<p>Your family has decided to start camping! But first, you’ll need to buy some supplies! You already have a tent, but you have $75 to spend on other supplies. Decide which supplies you will purchase with your $75.</p>
<h3><strong>TASK#2: CAMPSITE PLANNING</strong></h3>
<p>Altogether there are six families coming on your camping trip! Let’s figure out the best group camping site for everyone. Then work with campsite costs.</p>
<h3><strong>TASK#3: GROCERY SHOPPING</strong></h3>
<p>You’re in charge of grocery shopping for your family. Use your budget to decide what you will buy. Figure out the total amount.</p>
<h3><strong>TASK #4: SETTING UP THE SITE</strong></h3>
<p>You’ve arrived at the campground and now it’s time to set up your campsite! Figure out how long it will take to set up. Can you complete all of the setup within the hour? Then you’ll need to haul firewood.</p>
<h3><strong>TASK #5: S’MORES</strong></h3>
<p>It’s not a bonfire without s’mores! Crack the code to reveal the instructions for making a s’more!</p>
<h3><strong>TASK #6: TIME FOR GAMES</strong></h3>
<p>There are lots of outdoor games to play while you are camping. You and a few of the others set up three different games to play. Use the data from each game to answer the questions</p>
<h3><strong>TASK #7: CANOE RENTALS</strong></h3>
<p>It’s a beautiful day so you decide to go canoeing! Let’s go to the local canoe rental shop! Work out the cost of canoes, lifejackets, and other supplies for each family.</p>
<h3><strong>TASK #8: GOING FOR A HIKE</strong></h3>
<p>The campground has a popular hiking trail. Everyone decides to go on a group hike. Use the map to answer the questions.</p>
<h3><strong>TASK #9: BIRD WATCHING</strong></h3>
<p>As you hike, you decide to graph all of the different birds that you see. Interpret the data from the graph.</p>
<h3><strong>TASK #10: GOING FOR ICE CREAM</strong></h3>
<p>After the hike, you’re starving! Let’s go to the campground ice cream shop! Figure out the total cost.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><strong>GREAT FOR CLASSROOM TRANSFORMATIONS!</strong></h2>
<p>This project is a great opportunity to transform your classroom and add another level of student engagement!</p>
<p>While your students work, use your projector to put a “fire” on, and serve hot chocolate and marshmallows! Some teachers have even set up a tent in their classroom which serves as the station where kids work on this project.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="https://shelleygray.myflodesk.com/free-math-project"><strong>Here&#8217;s the link to where you can get this project for FREE!</strong></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Looking for more real-life math projects? <a href="https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Shelley-Gray/Category/-MATH-PROJECTS-ESCAPE-ROOMS-361041" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">See them all here </a>or check out some of the most popular ones below.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Run-a-Coffee-Shop-Real-Life-Math-Project-FRACTION-PROJECT-Distance-Learning-4408068" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-12281" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Coffee-Shop-2.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="600" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Coffee-Shop-2.jpg 1977w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Coffee-Shop-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Coffee-Shop-2-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Coffee-Shop-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Coffee-Shop-2-768x768.jpg 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Coffee-Shop-2-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Coffee-Shop-2-800x800.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Run-a-Candy-Store-A-Real-Life-Math-Project-Place-Value-Distance-Learning-4371706" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-12282" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Candy-Store-38.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="600" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Candy-Store-38.jpg 2522w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Candy-Store-38-300x300.jpg 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Candy-Store-38-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Candy-Store-38-150x150.jpg 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Candy-Store-38-768x768.jpg 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Candy-Store-38-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Candy-Store-38-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Candy-Store-38-800x800.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Run-a-Pet-Shelter-Multiplication-Project-Real-Life-Math-Includes-Digital-4306628" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-12283" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pet-Shelter-11.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="600" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pet-Shelter-11.jpg 2072w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pet-Shelter-11-300x300.jpg 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pet-Shelter-11-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pet-Shelter-11-150x150.jpg 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pet-Shelter-11-768x768.jpg 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pet-Shelter-11-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pet-Shelter-11-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pet-Shelter-11-800x800.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Run-a-Pizza-Place-A-Fraction-Math-Project-3rd-4th-Grade-Distance-Learning-4426478" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-12284" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pizza-Place-13.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="600" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pizza-Place-13.jpg 2085w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pizza-Place-13-300x300.jpg 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pizza-Place-13-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pizza-Place-13-150x150.jpg 150w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pizza-Place-13-768x768.jpg 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pizza-Place-13-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pizza-Place-13-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pizza-Place-13-800x800.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a></p>
<h3></h3>
<h3><strong>PIN THIS POST FOR LATER</strong></h3>
<p><a href="https://www.pinterest.ca/pin/135389532536167494/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-11118" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/freerlmathproj-pin.png" alt="" width="300" height="450" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/freerlmathproj-pin.png 1000w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/freerlmathproj-pin-200x300.png 200w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/freerlmathproj-pin-683x1024.png 683w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/freerlmathproj-pin-768x1152.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/freerlmathproj-pin-800x1200.png 800w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/free-real-life-math-project/">Free Real-Life Math Project</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">11088</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Using Addition to Subtract &#124; Subtraction Strategy</title>
		<link>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/using-addition-to-subtract-subtraction-strategy/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shelley Gray]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 22 Aug 2020 17:53:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Math Videos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[math video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subtraction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subtraction strategies]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>&#160; PIN FOR LATER</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/using-addition-to-subtract-subtraction-strategy/">Using Addition to Subtract | Subtraction Strategy</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/qnKkxiI_mxw" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><strong>PIN FOR LATER</strong></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-11126" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/addtosubvideo-pin.png" alt="" width="300" height="450" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/addtosubvideo-pin.png 1000w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/addtosubvideo-pin-200x300.png 200w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/addtosubvideo-pin-683x1024.png 683w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/addtosubvideo-pin-768x1152.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/addtosubvideo-pin-800x1200.png 800w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/using-addition-to-subtract-subtraction-strategy/">Using Addition to Subtract | Subtraction Strategy</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">11081</post-id>	</item>
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		<title>Counting Back and Counting Up for Subtraction &#124; Subtraction Strategy</title>
		<link>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/counting-back-and-counting-up-for-subtraction-subtraction-strategy/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shelley Gray]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 22 Aug 2020 17:23:14 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Math Videos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[math video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subtraction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subtraction strategies]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>&#160; PIN FOR LATER</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/counting-back-and-counting-up-for-subtraction-subtraction-strategy/">Counting Back and Counting Up for Subtraction | Subtraction Strategy</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><strong>PIN FOR LATER</strong></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-11131" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/countsubvideo-pin.png" alt="" width="300" height="450" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/countsubvideo-pin.png 1000w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/countsubvideo-pin-200x300.png 200w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/countsubvideo-pin-683x1024.png 683w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/countsubvideo-pin-768x1152.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/countsubvideo-pin-800x1200.png 800w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/counting-back-and-counting-up-for-subtraction-subtraction-strategy/">Counting Back and Counting Up for Subtraction | Subtraction Strategy</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">11079</post-id>	</item>
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		<title>5 Math Games with a Deck of Cards: Subtraction</title>
		<link>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/math-games-with-cards-subtraction/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shelley Gray]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2020 15:04:31 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Basic Operations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Math]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Math Games]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[card game]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[math]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subtraction]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://shelleygrayteaching.com/?p=10966</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Many math games can be played with a single set of cards as individuals, with a partner, or in small groups. Playing cards are a great tool to have available for extra practice, a fun math center, or even an enrichment activity. Here are five different math card games that will keep your students motivated, [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/math-games-with-cards-subtraction/">5 Math Games with a Deck of Cards: Subtraction</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-10968" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/subtractioncardgamesheader.png" alt="5 Subtraction Math Games with Cards" width="750" height="422" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/subtractioncardgamesheader.png 750w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/subtractioncardgamesheader-300x169.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" /></p>
<p>Many math games can be played with a single set of cards as individuals, with a partner, or in small groups. Playing cards are a great tool to have available for extra practice, a fun math center, or even an enrichment activity. Here are five different math card games that will keep your students motivated, engaged, and, most importantly, having fun, all while strengthening subtraction skills!</p>
<h3><strong><u>Subtraction to Zero</u></strong></h3>
<p><em>Number of players &#8211; 2+</em></p>
<p>Each player starts the game at 100. Each player can take one card per turn and subtract the number they get from 100. To win the game, a player must be first to reach zero. If all the cards have been drawn from the deck, the player who is the closest to zero wins. Jacks are worth 11, Queens are worth 12, Kings are worth 13, and Aces are worth 0, or whatever number is agreed upon.</p>
<p>This game can be made more challenging and involve addition, too. Simply have each player draw two cards per turn, adding those numbers together, and then subtracting that total from 100. Adjusting the value of the face cards can also increase the difficulty of the game.</p>
<p>If you are working with upper grades, students could start the game at 500, choose two cards per turn, multiply them, and then subtract that total from 500. The options are endless!</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Related: <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/multiplication-math-game/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Here&#8217;s a Multiplication Game Your Students Will Love!</a></strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><strong><u>Nifty Fifty</u></strong></h3>
<p><em>Number of Players &#8211; 2+</em></p>
<p>This game is perfect for practicing multi-digit subtraction problems. The goal for each player is to generate a subtraction equation with a difference that is closest to 50. For example, if you are practicing subtracting 3-digit numbers, each player would draw six cards per turn. Whoever can create an equation with a difference closest to 50 earns one point. If a player can create a difference of exactly 50, they receive two points. The first player to reach five points wins. Pencils and paper or whiteboards and markers will most likely be needed.</p>
<p>This game requires many cards per turn, so once the deck is gone, just reshuffle and continue until there is a winner. Face cards are advised to be taken out of the deck for this game, but if you’d like to add a fun twist, you could assign a value to each face card. Or, consider removing the face cards but keeping Jokers. Jokers could be a <em>wild</em> <em>card</em>, and students may choose it&#8217;s value if they happen to draw it.</p>
<h3><strong><u>Regroup Troop</u></strong></h3>
<p><em>Number of Players &#8211; 1+</em></p>
<p>This is the perfect game to practice regrouping and could easily be completed as an individual center activity instead of a game. Begin by removing all of the face cards and 10s from the deck. Aces are worth 1. The players each draw two cards, placing the smaller number on top and the larger number on the bottom. Next, each player draws another two cards. This time, the larger number goes on top, to the left of the first number. The smaller number goes on the bottom, to the left of the second number. Now the student is presented with a 2-digit by 2-digit subtraction problem and must practice regrouping!</p>
<p>You could declare the winner by whoever has the smallest or largest difference, or even by whoever has an even or odd difference and award points accordingly. If this activity is completed as an individual center, multiple students can share the same deck of cards.</p>
<h3><strong><u>Multi-Digit Subtraction War</u></strong></h3>
<p><em>Number of Players &#8211; 2+</em></p>
<p>With two players, begin by removing all face cards and 10s. Aces can be worth 1 or 0. Split the deck in half and give each player their own stack. Together, players turn over their first four cards to create two 2-digit numbers. They may put the cards in any order or position they choose, with the goal being to create the greatest difference. The player with the greatest difference takes all 8 cards.</p>
<p>You can simplify or increase the difficulty by turning over fewer or more cards. When working with larger numbers, this is a great opportunity to practice place value!</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Related:</strong> <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/free-math-games/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Revitalize your math classroom with these ten fun (and free) math games!</a></p>
<h3></h3>
<h3><strong><u>Race to 27</u></strong></h3>
<p><em>Number of Players &#8211; 3+</em></p>
<p>The more, the merrier with this game! It can be played with 2 players, but students will have more fun in groups of 3-5, as it makes it more exciting! Jacks are worth 11, Queens are worth 12, Kings are worth 13, and Aces are worth 0 or 1.</p>
<p>The dealer will exhaust the deck to all players. Players keep their cards in a small stack in front of them facing down. The dealer gets to start by turning over 1 of his cards and placing it in the center. He then subtracts his card from 100. The next player flips over her top card and puts it in the center on the dealer’s card. She now subtracts her card from the new total.</p>
<p>For example, if the dealer flipped over a 7, the total is at 93. If the next player flips over a Queen, the new total is 81. The player who subtracts the card that gets the total to 27 or less, takes all the cards from the center and adds them to their deck. The game continues until someone is out of cards. Whoever has the most cards wins!</p>
<p>This game can be more challenging by increasing the starting amount from 100 to a larger number. Also, players’ cards can increase in value. For example, a 2 could be worth 22, 3 = 33, 4 = 44, and so on!</p>
<p>I hope you can use some of these subtraction card games in your classroom! Card games are easy to differentiate to ensure that each student is appropriately challenged. So don’t be afraid to change the rules, values, etc. to ensure that students can experience success but also be challenged.</p>
<h3>PIN FOR LATER</h3>
<p><a href="https://www.pinterest.ca/pin/135389532538176763/?nic_v2=1a5UY8rBI"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-10972" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/subtractioncardgamespins-1.png" alt="5 Subtraction Math Games with Cards" width="300" height="450" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/subtractioncardgamespins-1.png 1000w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/subtractioncardgamespins-1-200x300.png 200w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/subtractioncardgamespins-1-683x1024.png 683w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/subtractioncardgamespins-1-768x1152.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/subtractioncardgamespins-1-800x1200.png 800w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/math-games-with-cards-subtraction/">5 Math Games with a Deck of Cards: Subtraction</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">10966</post-id>	</item>
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		<title>Subtracting 9 and 19: Teaching Video</title>
		<link>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/subtracting-9-and-19-teaching-video/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shelley Gray]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Mar 2020 12:13:23 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[At Home Learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Basic Operations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Math]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Math Videos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[digital learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[distance learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[math at home]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[math video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subtraction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subtraction strategies]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://shelleygrayteaching.com/?p=10607</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>&#160; Hi parents and teachers! This week I&#8217;m working with my kids on subtracting numbers like 9, 19, 8, and 18. We had a couple of &#8220;lightbulb&#8221; moments with this strategy, so I thought I&#8217;d make a little video to share with you. I&#8217;m planning on making more of these over the coming weeks, so [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/subtracting-9-and-19-teaching-video/">Subtracting 9 and 19: Teaching Video</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-10847" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/subtractvideoheader2.png" alt="Subtracting 9 and 19: Teaching Video" width="750" height="422" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/subtractvideoheader2.png 750w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/subtractvideoheader2-300x169.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" /></p>
<p>Hi parents and teachers! This week I&#8217;m working with my kids on subtracting numbers like 9, 19, 8, and 18. We had a couple of &#8220;lightbulb&#8221; moments with this strategy, so I thought I&#8217;d make a little video to share with you. I&#8217;m planning on making more of these over the coming weeks, so be sure to be following along on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/teachingresourcesbyshelleygray" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Facebook</a> or <a href="https://www.instagram.com/shelleygrayteaching/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Instagram</a>!</p>
<p>The video below will be useful for you or your kids to watch in order to learn this strategy. I also want to make sure that you understand the &#8220;whys&#8221; behind this strategy, so once you&#8217;re finished watching, scroll down to read more about the rationale for this strategy, as well as some ideas that you can use with your kids for taking it even further!</p>
<p><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/nrkH7JUtawA" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<h3><strong>Who can use this strategy? </strong></h3>
<p>Number lines are a useful tool for any age! Personally, I did this lesson with both my 4th grader and my 7th grader, and they both had some lightbulb moments! If your child is comfortable with 2-digit numbers, understands that 9 is one less than 10, and comprehends addition and subtraction, try it!</p>
<h3><strong>Why use a number line?</strong></h3>
<p>A number line is an important tool for making math more visual. When numbers are represented on the number line, it makes it easier for kids to &#8220;see&#8221; them. Once your child works with this strategy for a while, he/she will be ready to move away from the number line and simply do it mentally.</p>
<h3><strong>What if these numbers are too low for my kids?</strong></h3>
<p>The great thing about this strategy is that is transfers. The big idea here is flexibility with numbers. If you have an older child, challenge him to see if this strategy would work to solve 128-39, or 276-58. Basically what we are teaching here, is that we can manipulate numbers, make them easier to work with, and then make up for the difference later. I do recommend starting easy though, and then progressing as your child is ready.</p>
<h3><strong>Why not set this up vertically and use &#8220;borrowing&#8221; like I was taught?</strong></h3>
<p>When your child is in older grades, she WILL learn the traditional algorithm using &#8220;borrowing.&#8221; However, a lot of research has shown us the importance of <strong>understanding</strong> what the numbers mean <strong>before</strong> we get to that point. This strategy will help build that essential understanding.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>I recommend working with this strategy in-depth for a day or two until your child is showing a solid understanding. Try to extend it to other numbers. Challenge your child to see if it works with other numbers as well. Some ideas for investigating this strategy are:</p>
<ul>
<li>&#8220;I wonder if this will work with _____________.&#8221;</li>
<li>&#8220;I wonder if there are any numbers that this doesn&#8217;t work very well with?&#8221;</li>
<li>&#8220;Do you think this would work when we subtract a number that ends in 7 or 8? How would that work?&#8221;</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><strong>PIN FOR LATER</strong></h3>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="https://www.pinterest.ca/pin/135389532538012670/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-10848" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/subtractvideopin2.png" alt="Subtracting 9 and 19: Teaching Video" width="300" height="450" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/subtractvideopin2.png 1000w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/subtractvideopin2-200x300.png 200w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/subtractvideopin2-683x1024.png 683w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/subtractvideopin2-768x1152.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/subtractvideopin2-800x1200.png 800w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/subtracting-9-and-19-teaching-video/">Subtracting 9 and 19: Teaching Video</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
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		<title>Target Number: A Card Game to Practice Math Facts</title>
		<link>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/target-number/</link>
					<comments>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/target-number/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shelley Gray]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Jul 2019 04:22:54 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Math]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Math Games]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[addition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[math games]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subtraction]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://shelleygrayteaching.com/?p=5453</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Target Number is a two player card game to reinforce basic operations. Please scroll down for the video version of the game instructions. Object: to be the first to spell the word “TARGET.” Materials: a deck of cards with J, Q, and K’s removed Instructions: Remove the Jacks, Queens, and Kings from a deck of [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/target-number/">Target Number: A Card Game to Practice Math Facts</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Target Number is a two player card game to reinforce basic operations. Please scroll down for the video version of the game instructions.</p>
<p><b>Object: </b>to be the first to spell the word “TARGET.”</p>
<p><b>Materials</b>: a deck of cards with J, Q, and K’s removed</p>
<p><strong>Instructions:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Remove the Jacks, Queens, and Kings from a deck of cards and shuffle well.</li>
<li>The dealer deals three cards to each player.</li>
<li>The dealer then flips a card over and places it in the center. This is the <b>target number</b>.</li>
<li>At the same time, players turn over their three cards and lie them face up on the table. The goal is to use those three cards to hit the target number.</li>
<li>For example, if the target number is 10, and a player has a 4, 5, and 9, he could use the equation: “9+5-4.”</li>
<li>If a player can make the target number, he writes a “T” on his paper.</li>
<li>Both players then “sweep” their cards to the side, along with the target number card. The dealer then deals another hand and play continues.</li>
</ul>
<p>If neither player can make the target number, a fourth card is dealt to each player. Now players can use 3 of the 4 cards to make the target number. Cards continue to be dealt until one player can make the target number.</p>
<p>The goal is to be the first player to spell TARGET.</p>
<p><strong>Helpful Tip:</strong></p>
<p>It is helpful to use two decks so that you have more cards to play with. Decks do not need to be complete.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Watch the video version of the game explanation here:</p>
<p><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/sby2Bvs0MEA" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Download the printable game instructions <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Target-Number-Card-Game-Instructions.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">HERE</a>.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/target-number/">Target Number: A Card Game to Practice Math Facts</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5453</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Salute: A Great Math Fact Card Game for Speed and Automaticity</title>
		<link>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/salute-a-great-math-fact-card-game/</link>
					<comments>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/salute-a-great-math-fact-card-game/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shelley Gray]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 12 Apr 2014 14:00:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Basic Operations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Math]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[addition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[card game]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[division]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[multiplication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subtraction]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://shelleygrayteaching.com/?p=1387</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>I love integrating games into all subject areas, but especially math. The key is to find games that are rigorous, include tons of opportunity for learning/reinforcement, and that are so fun that students don&#8217;t even realize they are learning. One of my favorite games (and my students&#8217; favorite) has always been &#8220;Salute.&#8221; Salute can be [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/salute-a-great-math-fact-card-game/">Salute: A Great Math Fact Card Game for Speed and Automaticity</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[		<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="1387" class="elementor elementor-1387" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p style="text-align: left;">I love integrating games into all subject areas, but especially math. The key is to find games that are rigorous, include tons of opportunity for learning/reinforcement, and that are so fun that students don&#8217;t even realize they are learning. One of my favorite games (and my students&#8217; favorite) has always been &#8220;Salute.&#8221; Salute can be used to reinforce addition/subtraction or multiplication/division. I recommend starting with addition/subtraction, even if you are teaching an older grade.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Near the end of this post, I provide a link to where you can download the game instructions.</p><p style="text-align: left;">To play, students need to get into groups of three. For this game, it works best if the students in each group are at a similar skill level. Each group will also need a deck of cards, with the face cards and jokers taken out (just keep the numbers 2-10).</p><p style="text-align: left;">Two students sit facing one another, with the deck of cards between them. Player #3 sits off to the side so that she can see both players&#8217; faces.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-2562" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Salute1-300x225.jpg" alt="Salute1-300x225" width="500" height="375" /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Player #1 and #2 each pick up a card, and without looking at it, place it on their foreheads as shown below. They can see what each other has, but they do not know which card they are holding.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-2563" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Salute2-300x182.jpg" alt="Salute2-300x182" width="499" height="303" /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Player #3 (who can see both cards) mentally adds the cards together and says the sum out loud. In this example, Player #1 is holding a 6 and Player #2 is holding a 10, so the sum is 16.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Once Player #3 has said the sum out loud, Players #1 and #2 each try to figure out what card he is holding. So if the sum is 16, and Player #1 can see that Player #2 is holding a 10, he can perform a mental subtraction equation to figure out what he has (16-10=6). The first player to correctly state which card they are holding keeps both cards. The player with the most cards at the end of the game wins.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Related:</strong> <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/free-math-games/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Revitalize your math classroom with these ten fun (and free) math games!</a></p><p style="text-align: left;">As you can imagine, kids LOVE this game! I&#8217;ve had grade 3 and 4 students beg me to keep playing. And there are so many great skills involved, most importantly the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.</p><p style="text-align: left;">If you decide to play using multiplication/division, Player #3 multiplies Player #1 and #2&#8217;s cards instead. So if Player #1 has a 6 and Player #2 has a 10, Player #3 will say the product (60) out loud. Then the players perform a division equation to figure out which card they are holding. For example, Player #1 knows that Player #2 has a 10, so she can think, &#8220;60/10=6&#8221; to conclude that he has a 6. The multiplication/division version is pretty difficult for some students, so I have chosen to mostly use it as an enrichment option for specific students who have already achieved mastery of their addition and subtraction facts.</p><p style="text-align: left;">I&#8217;ve put together an instruction page for this game so that you can print it and keep it with you in your classroom. Download the addition/subtraction version for free <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/SaluteMathFactsGame.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">HERE</a> or the multiplication/division version <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/SaluteMathFactsGamemultdiv.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">HERE</a>. You can also <a href="https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Salute-Math-Facts-Card-Game-AdditionSubtraction-or-MultiplicationDivision-4016558" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">download these for free from TeachersPayTeachers HERE</a>.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Salute-Math-Facts-Card-Game-AdditionSubtraction-or-MultiplicationDivision-4016558"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-2871" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Slide1-225x300.jpg" alt="Slide1" width="250" height="333" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Slide1-225x300.jpg 225w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Slide1-450x600.jpg 450w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Slide1.jpg 720w" sizes="(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px" /></a></p><p> </p>								</div>
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						Looking for More Fun Multiplication Games?					</h2>
				
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						Try Multiplication Bump...With a Twist!!					</div>
				
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						See how to play here.					</a>
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		<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/salute-a-great-math-fact-card-game/">Salute: A Great Math Fact Card Game for Speed and Automaticity</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
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		<title>Games to Reinforce Math Concepts</title>
		<link>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/games-to-reinforce-math-concepts/</link>
					<comments>https://shelleygrayteaching.com/games-to-reinforce-math-concepts/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shelley Gray]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2013 03:11:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Basic Operations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Math]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Math Games]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teaching Resources]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[addition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[division]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[math games]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[multiplication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[subtraction]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://shelleygrayteaching.com/?p=976</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>I am a HUGE fan of using games to teach and reinforce math concepts. One of the biggest misconceptions that I hear is that math is boring. With the addition of math games into the regular classroom routine, math can be engaging, exciting, and fun. With a simple deck of cards and a few dice, [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/games-to-reinforce-math-concepts/">Games to Reinforce Math Concepts</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-3298" src="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/usinggames-1024x536.png" alt="" width="810" height="424" srcset="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/usinggames-1024x536.png 1024w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/usinggames-800x419.png 800w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/usinggames-300x157.png 300w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/usinggames-768x402.png 768w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/usinggames-600x314.png 600w, https://shelleygrayteaching.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/usinggames.png 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px" /></p>
<p>I am a HUGE fan of using games to teach and reinforce math concepts. One of the biggest misconceptions that I hear is that math is boring. With the addition of math games into the regular classroom routine, math can be engaging, exciting, and fun.</p>
<p>With a simple deck of cards and a few dice, you can play many different kinds of games to reinforce many different topics. In the past I&#8217;ve even given students a few dice or a deck of cards and had them make up their own math game!</p>
<p>A few ways that you can use dice/cards quickly and easily in the classroom to reinforce basic math facts include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Have students roll two dice and add them up to make a sum (alternatively subtract to make a difference, or multiply to make a product). This is SO much more fun that simply completing a worksheet for basic facts, and can be done with no preparation. I like to have 20-sided dice on hand for higher level equations.
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/FreeDownload/Sum-It-Up-an-Addition-and-Graphing-Activity-197074">Here&#8217;s a little freebie</a> that provides a graph that students can use during a roll and add activity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Practice Doubles facts with dice and have students graph their progress. I wrote a <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/a-quick-and-easy-way-to-practice-doubles-and-track-progress/">blog post about this activity HERE</a>.</li>
<li>Salute is a fantastic game that can be played with three people and a deck of cards. My students could never get enough of this game! <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/salute-a-great-math-fact-card-game/">Read more about it HERE.</a></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>When should Math games be used in the classroom?</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">I prefer to use games as reinforcement. For example, you could teach a mini-lesson, allow some guided and independent practice, and then have students play a game to reinforce their new learning. I also like to use Math games as a center. Students can play in pairs or groups of three. In this case, the game is always one that they have played before (because of the independent nature of centers).</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Basic facts are an ideal skill to practice during math games, because it&#8217;s a way to reinforce those facts all year long, even while you are focusing on other concepts in your classroom.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Other Resources</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">All of my Math Stations and Mental Math Strategy Units also contain math games that are sure to engage even your most un-motivated students! Please click on the hyperlinks below to access these resources:</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Math Stations</strong></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Shelley-Gray/Category/-MATH-STATIONS-213182">Click here to access all self-paced, student-centered Math Stations for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and fractions.</a></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Mental Math Strategy Units</strong></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Mental-Math-Strategy-Units-the-Complete-Addition-Collection"><span style="line-height: 14px;">Mental Math Strategy Units: the Complete Addition Collection</span></a></span></li>
<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Mental-Math-Strategy-Units-the-Complete-Subtraction-Collection">Mental Math Strategy Units: the Complete Subtraction Collection</a></span></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com/games-to-reinforce-math-concepts/">Games to Reinforce Math Concepts</a> appeared first on <a href="https://shelleygrayteaching.com">Shelley Gray</a>.</p>
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